Stream Processing vs Batch Processing
Most enterprise data platforms started with batch processing — nightly ETL jobs, hourly aggregations, day-late dashboards. That worked when decisions could wait. In today’s fraud detection, real-time personalization, IoT monitoring, and agentic AI workloads, waiting a day is waiting too long.
Stream processing reverses the model. Data is processed as it arrives: Kafka ingests events in milliseconds, Flink transforms and joins them on the fly, and sinks like ClickHouse serve analytics in real time. Batch processing is scheduled and retrospective; stream processing is continuous and reactive.
When stream processing wins — fraud detection, real-time inventory, live dashboards, CDC replication, streaming ML features, agentic AI reacting to events.
When batch still makes sense — historical reprocessing, heavy ML training runs, compliance reporting over long windows.
Most modern platforms run both: a streaming path for now, a batch path for history — unified through architectures like Kappa or Lambda. Our stream processing engineering work is about picking the right model per workload and building it so it stays maintainable.